evaluation of the effects of barley (hordeum vulgare) extracts and residues on germination and growth ‎characteristics of lentil (lens esculenta)‎

allelopathic relationship between plant associations, could be applied in non-chemical ‎weed management, however, those allelochemicals should not have adverse effects on arable ‎crops. in order to evaluate allelopatic effects of barley (hordeum vulgare) on ‎germination & growth characteristics of lentil (lens esculenta), two experiments were ‎conducted based on compactly randomized design (crd) with 4 replications in laboratory ‎and greenhouse in shirvan during 1387. treatments were contained concentrations of 0, ‎‎20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of extract of barley leaf, stem and root organs. results shows ‎that the extracts of barley organs had significant effects on germination, root and shoot ‎length of lentil (p<0.05). with increasing of extract rates of barley organs, ‎germination and growth of lentil significantly decreased. maximum germination percent ‎observed in control plants with 76% and minimum of germination observed ‎in treatments of 60% and 80% with 1.25% and 0% germination, respectively. in greenhouse study the treatments were 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800g barley straw per m2 of pot ‎surface. samples were taken in three stages including emergence, 2-leaves and 6-leaves stages and wet and dry weights of root and ‎shoots were determined. results of greenhouse study showed that ‎wet and dry weights of shoot and root were declined with increasing barley straw rates on the ‎emergence, two-leave and six-leave stages compared to control. the lowest wet and ‎dry weights of shoot and root were achieved from 600 and 800g barley straw per m2 of ‎pot. the lowest dry weight of lentil shoot at emergence stage achieved from 600 ‎and 800g barley straw treatments. dry weight of lentil shoot at this stage for 800g ‎treatment was declined with 80% compared to control plants. also, the rates of reduction in ‎root´s wet and dry weights were higher in shoot´s wet than dry weight at 2-leave stage. ‎the highest wet and dry weights at 6-leaves stage, achieved at control pots and ‎the minimum of shoot´s wet and dry weights observed in 800g straw treatments. therefore, ‎application of barley residue in field or using barley as a cover crop before lentil crop ‎could have a significant negative effect on lentil germination and growth characteristics.